There’s been a lot of talk about Windows 7 since it’s launch, most everything has been positive (which certainly wasn’t the case after Windows Vista launched).  In this tough economic client people are asking themselves, “Why should I upgrade and what benefits will I see if you do?”  I’ve been running Windows 7 since August with their Release Candidate and installed the full version as soon as Technet offered it and I’ve found many improvements over previous versions.

(Be warned, this is a long post.  I wanted to get as much information in as possible.  The short story is if you’re getting a new computer definitely get it with Windows 7, if your computer is less than 2 or 3 years old I would recommend the upgrade).

Mainstream support for Windows XP is ending soon

Let’s face it, Windows XP was released in 2001 and although Microsoft has been pretty good about fixing bugs and releasing updates we all knew that at some point they would stop supporting XP just like they did with 2000, ME , 98, 95, etc.; however, Windows XP has had the distinction of being the most widely used operating system for such a long time I think many of us assumed it would last forever.  Unfortunately all things must come to an end and Microsoft’s mainstream support for Windows XP ends in April 2010, unless they release another Service Pack before then (we haven’t heard anything a 4th service pack, though).

Critical security patches will be released through 2014, but no new functionality will be added nor will any bugs get squashed.  It’s time to move to their newer operating system to get full support.

Faster boot

There’s been a bit of controversy over Microsoft’s claim that Windows 7 boots faster than previous versions.  A fresh install of Windows 7 does boot much faster than Vista or even XP, although some people have noticed it slowing down over time.  Of course if you have dozens of programs that start when you turn on your computer that is going to slow you down.  I’ve found that Windows 7, unlike Vista or XP, is actually usable once you get to the desktop.  I’m not sure how they did it but the boot time from pushing the power button until you can actually do work has significantly reduced and that just makes the system feel faster.

Beyond that, sleep and hibernate modes both work faster and more reliably, with my computer coming out of sleep in seconds.  I only reboot when there is an update that needs it, but I’ve found that even after several months of use it still boots quickly.

Aero Peek

Aero Peek is a really handy feature.  Just hover your mouse over your taskbar and a live snapshot of all the active programs pop up, from there you can click on the snapshot and that will bring that window to the front.

If you hover your mouse pointer over one of the snapshots all other windows will temporally become transparent (you can see below the outline of the other two Firefox windows around the center one), highlighting the windows you are looking for and allowing you to easily find it.

Aero Snap

Another great addition is Aero Snap.  Aero Snap allows you to grab an open window and instantly re-size it so it takes up the left side, right side, or all of your screen.  Just click and hold in the title bar (about the menus) and drag the window to the far left, right or top of the screen and it will “snap” into place.  If you click and hold and drag the window out of that position it will remember it’s last size as well. You can also “snap” the window into location by using keyboard shortcuts.  Holding down the windows key and pressing the left arrow on the keyboard snaps the window to the left side of the screen, right arrow to the right, etc.  It’s really a time saver when working on a computer with one monitor, but the shortcuts are even useful when working with multiple monitors (you can move a window from one screen to the other using the windows and left and right keys).

Keyboard shortcuts

We’ve covered them before, but Windows 7 added a bunch of new shortcuts that can save you time, effort and mouse clicks when trying to get things done.

To see Microsoft’s list click here: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Keyboard-shortcuts

Check out of other blog posts on them here: http://blog.nyctechguys.com/tech-blog/2009/10/windows-7-is-now-available/ and here: http://blog.nyctechguys.com/tech-blog/2009/07/useful-keyboard-shortcuts-in-windows/

Great backup service

Windows 7 comes with a really useful backup utility built in.  As long as you have an extra hard drive (external or internal) you can configure Windows 7 to make snapshot and incremental backups of your computer.  What this means is that your computer will make a copy of everything on your system and then at regular intervals make backups of anything that has changed.  What is really great is that it saves the backup as a drive image meaning that you can actually boot off your backup!!  Also, if your system dies you can restore from your backup and retain all your files, programs, settings and preferences.  Your computer will be exactly as it was before you had to recover!

Windows Search

The newest Windows Search is built into Windows 7 and has become really useful.  By default it indexes everything on your computer (email, files, etc), but also indexes all programs, control panel settings and other hidden options making it much easier to find whatever it is you are looking for.  Simply click on the start button (or press the windows key) and then start typing.  For instance, if I want to run Word, I can click the start button and start typing “word”.  Before I even get to the third letter in the name Windows Search has already found it and I can hit enter and start working.

Better memory usage and support for more than 4 GB of RAM

Windows XP (unless you were one of the very few people that ran the 64 bit edition) only supports a maximum of around 4GB of RAM.  Windows Vista 64 addressed more, but had many other issues related to RAM.  Windows 7 64 bit can support up to 196GB of RAM, although there aren’t any motherboards in the consumer market that can do that currently.  I have 12GB in my system and have never run out of RAM, no matter how many programs I have open.  Of course if you run Windows 7 32 bit you will run into the same 4GB limit as on Windows XP or Vista 32, however there really is no reason to run the 32 bit version unless you install Windows 7 on an old system that doesn’t support a 64 bit Operating System.

You can check the compatibility of your system for free using a tool on Microsoft’s site here http://www.microsoft.com/windows/compatibility/en-us/default.aspx

Themes and personalization

Themes aren’t my cup of tea, but they can make your otherwise bland computer much more interesting looking and sounding if you are into that kind of thing.

The default themes that come with Windows 7 range between beautiful scenery and somewhat bizarre cartoon characters.  One thing that is really nice with Windows 7 is the built in ability to set a group of photos as your background and have them run as a slideshow.  Many vendors have also started coming out with themes (as well as small developers) and you can find many, many different styles of themes to give your computer the look and feel that’s right for you.

You can check out a nice sized gallery of themes at http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/downloads/personalize

UAC vastly improved

If you used a computer with Vista, you know one of the most annoying things about (and most often disabled) was Microsoft’s User Access Controls or UAC.  It’s that popup that asks if you want to allow your computer to do something you’ve likely done many times in the past (or legitimately when installing a new program, changing system settings, etc).  UAC was implemented to help keep your computer safe, however it was so annoying that most people disable it within the first week of owning their computer or just mindlessly hit yes whenever it pops up, totally negating its benefits.

Windows 7 still has UAC, but by default it is much more under wraps and only really asks for permission when you’re running a program as administrator, installing new software or making changes to the system settings; all good things.

XP Virtual Machine

A really cool feature that Microsoft added to Windows 7 Professional and Ultimate is the Windows XP Mode.  It allows you (after a download or two) to run a copy of Windows XP within a virtual machine and install any software that won’t work with Windows 7 (to date I’ve found very few programs from the last 5+ years that won’t run under Windows 7).  Sure, a program ran within a virtual machine will run a little slower than one ran natively, but if your company uses a custom application that is business critical and they don’t plan to upgrade it anytime soon, Windows XP Mode is a perfect concession.

When it comes down to it Windows 7 actually *is* good.

OSX – PthPasteboard

quite honestly, its the best i’ve used in OSX, there are others, but this one takes the cake, oh and it’s free. If you pay for it, you can then share whatever you have in it’s memory with other machines running it. So yes, you can copy and paste from machine to machine, awesome! Add to the fact you can search for things and you get a thumbnail view of what is has saved.

Windows -

Ditto – Ditto

Ditto is really nice, you can search  , works with any windows that can accept copy/paste commands, Full unicode support, You can share information between computer ( encrypted too!)

ClipX – ClipX

Clipx is great because it has plugins and it is free, it also displays thumbnails of what you copied.

Download ClickToFlash 1.4.2 here

Install it and restart your safari, then you will get a blank screen where ever there is flash on a web page, if you want to see it, just click on it and it will load.

I thought while we were doing write ups on windows shortcuts, I might as well include some shortcuts from OSX. I will not bog down the post with all of them ( there are so many) , but I will add a link at the end of the post to apple’s site that has a lot more.

ctrl mouse scroll wheel ( zoom in and out) I put this in first cause I just love it.

Finder shortcut

Rename the selected file/folder                                                                       Press Return (or Enter)

Go into selected folder or open the selected file                                          Cmd-Down Arrow

Go to parent folder                                                                                              Cmd-Up Arrow

Go Back                                                                                                                  Cmd-[  (that’s left square bracket)

Go Forward                                                                                                           Cmd-]  (that’s right square bracket)

Copy and Paste files                                                                                            Cmd-C, then Cmd-V

Move a file instead of copying. (Copies the file to the destination and removes it from the original disk.)

Cmd-Drag file to disk

Move selected files to the Trash                                                                       Cmd-Delete

Hide all other applications (except the one you’re clicking on) Command-Option click an App’s icon in Dock

Force a file to open in a specific program While dragging the file onto an app’s icon in the Dock, hold Command-Option

Taking Screenshots

Take picture of the entire screen                                                                     Cmd-Shift-3

Take picture of a selected area                                                                         Cmd-Shift-4 and Drag over desired area

Take picture of a specific window/object                                                     Cmd-Shift-4, then press Spacebar, then Click on the window/object

Copy the screenshot to the clipboard instead of making a file               Hold Control with the above keystrokes

Boot Time

Eject CD on boot                                                                                                  Hold Mouse button down immediately after powering on

OS X Safe boot                                                                                                     Hold Shift during startup

Start up in FireWire Target Disk mode                                                        Hold T during startup

Startup from a CD                                                                                              Hold C during startup

Renegade application management

Force Quit (opens list so you can choose application)                           Cmd-Opt-Esc

Force Quit Frontmost Application (without confirmation)                  Hold Cmd-Opt-Shift-Escape for about 4 seconds

Safari

Switch Tabs Next Tab                                                                                     Cmd-Shift-Right Arrow

Previous Tab                                                                                                      Cmd-Shift-Left Arrow

Command-Shift-K Block Pop-Up Windows

Command-Click Open Link in New Tab

Command.+/Command.-/Command.0 Adjust Text Size

Command-L Jump to Address Bar

To view more shortcuts goto :

More Apple ShortCuts

Fragmentation deals with hard drives, more specifically the filesystem on hard drives. Almost all  filesystems fragment, but some are better than others. But what exactly is fragmentation?  Hard drives are composed of platters of magnetic media ( think of an old LP record) The files take up a block of space , if there is free space on the drive , the block are contiguous with each other. Perhaps a visual explanation would help here. And this is a basic explanation of the internals of a file system.

Imagine that we have 4 files, I will label them 1 through 4, 0 will be free space.

blank space 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000

allocated files 111111112222222222223334444444400000000000

As you can see some of the files are bigger than others ( more numbers), and you can also see that they are back to back, but lets say that you no longer need file #3 and delete it. It will now look like this :

allocated files 111111112222222222220004444444400000000000

The file #3 is now gone* , but there is a hole in the file system. Next time you write a file, lets call call it file 5 it will start from the first free spot on the system and continue to the next free spot and the next. So it will now look like this :

allocated files   111111112222222222225554444444455555000000

Now when the hard drive tries to read the file off the disk( let us say #5 ), it will start at 5, then skip over the 4th file and continue reading the file. This is a very basic explanation ,  but this is something on most filesystem happens all the time. Computers create alot of temporary files , which get deleted al the time. You can imagine that this can heavily fragment your system. These days the filesystems are alot better than than before, and they try to minimize the fragmentation of the filesystem, but it still does happen.

The reason that this is bad is because it causes the moving heads ( the part of the hard drive that actually reads the data, again think of your pickup head on a turntable) to have to move back and forth across the hard drive to find your files. The less fragmentation the drive has, the faster the data will be read and the less the drive will thrash about.

There are programs to get your file system back in tip top shape, and they really don’t need to be run more than once a month. Depending on the OS, I have a few links below that will help.

Windows – NTFS, fat, fat32 Windows comes with a built in defragmentation tool which is decent. ( right click my computer , goto tools, defragment) Windows filesystems fragment really easily, you can use the built in one or : http://www.diskeeper.com/

OSX – HFS and HFS Plus filesystem try to keep fragmentation low, but when it happens you can use:

http://www.coriolis-systems.com/iDefrag.php

Linux – ext2,3 filesystem manage fragmentation really well, but when they do become fragmented you can use : e2defrag , shake for ext3. In linux you will most likely never need these.

In closing, let me say that this is a basic run down of how fragmentation and defragmentation of drives and file systems.

* There is alot more that goes on when you delete a file, but that is for another article.